Civil land: used<\/title><\/rect><rect x=\"10\" y=\"0\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" fill=\"transparent\" class=\"fp-fiav-cell-hit\"><title>State land: used<\/title><\/rect><rect x=\"20\" y=\"0\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" fill=\"transparent\" class=\"fp-fiav-cell-hit\"><title>War land: used<\/title><\/rect><rect x=\"0\" y=\"10\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" fill=\"transparent\" class=\"fp-fiav-cell-hit\"><title>Civil sea: used<\/title><\/rect><rect x=\"10\" y=\"10\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" fill=\"transparent\" class=\"fp-fiav-cell-hit\"><title>State sea: used<\/title><\/rect><rect x=\"20\" y=\"10\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" fill=\"transparent\" class=\"fp-fiav-cell-hit\"><title>War sea: used<\/title><\/rect><\/svg><div class=\"fp-fiav-plain\">Used as civil, state and military flag, on land and at sea.<\/div><\/div><\/dd>\n \n <dt>Official status<\/dt>\n <dd><span class=\"fp-fiav-pill\"><span class=\"fp-fiav-pill-symbol\">⊕<\/span><span class=\"fp-fiav-pill-text\">Officially adopted by national law<\/span><\/span><\/dd>\n \n <dt>Colors<\/dt>\n <dd><div class=\"fp-color-swatches\"><div class=\"fp-color-row\"><span class=\"fp-color-swatch\" style=\"background:#008C45;\"><\/span><code class=\"fp-color-hex\">#008C45<\/code><span class=\"fp-color-pantone\">Pantone 17-6153 TCX<\/span><\/div><div class=\"fp-color-row\"><span class=\"fp-color-swatch\" style=\"background:#F4F5F0;\"><\/span><code class=\"fp-color-hex\">#F4F5F0<\/code><span class=\"fp-color-pantone\">Pantone 11-0601 TCX<\/span><\/div><div class=\"fp-color-row\"><span class=\"fp-color-swatch\" style=\"background:#CD212A;\"><\/span><code class=\"fp-color-hex\">#CD212A<\/code><span class=\"fp-color-pantone\">Pantone 18-1662 TCX<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/dd>\n \n <dt>Designer<\/dt>\n <dd>\u2014<\/dd>\n \n <dt>Predecessor<\/dt>\n <dd>Cispadane Republic flag (1797)<\/dd>\n \n \n <dt>Regulatory document<\/dt>\n <dd>\n <a href=\"https:\/\/presidenza.governo.it\/ufficio_cerimoniale\/normativa\/dpr_20000407_121_bandiere.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DPR 121\/2000<\/a>\n <\/dd>\n \n <dt>Design family<\/dt>\n <dd><a href=\"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/design-family\/horizontal-tricolour\/\">Horizontal tricolour<\/a><\/dd>\n \n \n \n \n \n <\/dl>\n\n <div class=\"fp-flag-specs-shop\">\n <a href=\"https:\/\/italianabandiere.com\/italy-flag\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\ud83d\uded2 Get this flag →<\/a>\n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n \n<h2>Four eras of the tricolore<\/h2>\n<p>The two-century arc of the green-white-red can be cleanly divided into four phases. Each is defined less by design \u2014 the bands have shifted only marginally \u2014 than by the political object the flag was attached to.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1797-1861: republican origins.<\/strong> The first official adoption is documented in the records of the Cispadane Congress \u2014 a short-lived Napoleon-allied assembly of cities south of the Po river. On 7 January 1797 it met in Reggio Emilia and resolved that the new republic would fly a horizontal tricolour: red at top, white in the middle, green at the bottom, with a central emblem of a quiver and four arrows for the provinces of Bologna, Ferrara, Modena and Reggio. The Cispadane Republic lasted barely six months before merging into the larger Cisalpine Republic on 29 June 1797, but the colour scheme persisted. Across the next sixty years the tricolore became the universal banner of the Risorgimento \u2014 flown by Giuseppe Mazzini’s Young Italy movement from 1831, the short-lived Roman Republic of 1849, and Garibaldi’s volunteer “Thousand” who sailed from Genoa to Sicily in 1860 to topple the Bourbons.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/flags.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/flag-of-the-repubblica-cispadana-1797.png\" alt=\"The 1797 flag of the Cispadane Republic: horizontal bands of red, white and green, with a central emblem showing a quiver of four arrows in a laurel wreath flanked by the initials R and C.\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><figcaption>The first official tricolore: the Cispadane Republic flag adopted in Reggio Emilia on 7 January 1797. Horizontal bands, red at top, with a central quiver-and-arrows emblem for the four founding provinces. \u00b7 Photo: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cispadana.svg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">F l a n k e r<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Commons:Reusing_content_outside_Wikimedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a> via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>1861-1946: the monarchical century.<\/strong> When the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed on 17 March 1861 \u2014 unifying most of the peninsula under the House of Savoy \u2014 the tricolore was rotated to vertical bands and charged in the centre with the Savoy coat of arms. The flag was never legally defined by the Albertine Statute itself, but custom and royal decree fixed the pattern. In 1925, Mussolini’s regime added the so-called Bandiera-Stato heraldic complement (royal coat of arms with lictor’s fasces) to the state ensign \u2014 surviving until 1944, when the Allied-backed government in the south restored a plain Savoy version. From 1943 to 1945, two flags flew simultaneously across the peninsula: the Savoy-armed tricolore in the Kingdom of the South, and the lictor-bearing tricolore of the Italian Social Republic \u2014 Mussolini’s German-protected rump regime in the north.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1946-2000: republican modern.<\/strong> The institutional referendum of 2 June 1946 returned 12.7 million votes for the Republic against 10.7 million for the monarchy. King Umberto II left for Portuguese exile on 13 June; on 19 June the Council of Ministers, by Legislative Decree no. 1, removed the Savoy arms from the centre of the flag. The Constituent Assembly then enshrined the result in Article 12 of the Constitution of the Italian Republic, in force from 1 January 1948: <em>“La bandiera della Repubblica \u00e8 il tricolore italiano: verde, bianco e rosso, a tre bande verticali di eguali dimensioni.”<\/em> That single sentence replaced three quarters of a century of customary law.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2000-present: codified protocol.<\/strong> The constitutional minimum was just that \u2014 a minimum. For more than fifty years the operational rules (when to fly, at what height, alongside which other flags) were a patchwork of ministerial circulars. DPR 121 of 7 April 2000, issued under President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, consolidated the protocol into a single regulatory document. It specifies the Pantone shades (Fern Green 17-6153, Bright White 11-0601, Flame Scarlet 18-1662 in the 2004 update), the order of precedence with the European Union flag, the buildings on which display is mandatory, and dimensions for indoor versus outdoor use. Ciampi’s broader institutional project of the early 2000s \u2014 restoring 2 June as a fixed date, reinstating the military parade after the 1977 austerity cut, sending the Frecce Tricolori over the Roman Forum \u2014 fits inside the same logic.<\/p>\n<h2>Spotlights<\/h2>\n<h3>Reggio Emilia, 7 January 1797: the first vote<\/h3>\n<p>The Sala del Tricolore in Reggio Emilia \u2014 today the city’s municipal council chamber \u2014 preserves the room where the Cispadane Congress voted, on the motion of deputy Giuseppe Compagnoni, that <em>“si renda Universale lo Stendardo o Bandiera Cispadana di Tre Colori Verde, Bianco, e Rosso.”<\/em> The Italian Republic now observes 7 January each year as <em>Festa del Tricolore<\/em>, a quieter civic anniversary parallel to 2 June. The 1797 design was horizontal, not vertical, and the colour order was reversed from the modern flag (red at top), but the chromatic identity is unambiguous. Whether Compagnoni borrowed the palette from the Lombard Legion’s cockades, the Bologna Civic Guard banners of 1796, or earlier Milanese militia uniforms is the subject of decades of vexillological dispute; the Quirinale’s official history settles on the Civic Guard pennants as the most plausible direct ancestor.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/flags.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/sala-del-tricolore-reggio-emilia-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Interior of the Sala del Tricolore in Reggio Emilia, the neoclassical chamber where the Cispadane Congress voted to adopt the green-white-red flag on 7 January 1797. Empty council benches arranged in a horseshoe, with the historical tricolore visible at the rear.\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><figcaption>The Sala del Tricolore in Reggio Emilia \u2014 today the city’s municipal council chamber \u2014 preserves the room where the 1797 vote took place. \u00b7 Photo: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sala_del_Tricolore_(Reggio_Emilia).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thedoctor11<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>1848 and the Carta of Carlo Alberto<\/h3>\n<p>The Albertine Statute \u2014 the constitutional charter promulgated by King Charles Albert of Sardinia on 4 March 1848, which would remain Italy’s de facto constitution for the next century \u2014 did not, contrary to widespread belief, contain a flag clause. The decision to adopt the tricolore as the banner of the Kingdom of Sardinia was a separate royal proclamation of 23 March 1848, issued the same day as the declaration of war on Austria that opened the First Italian War of Independence. The Savoy shield was to be superimposed on the central white band. That hybrid would be inherited unchanged by united Italy thirteen years later.<\/p>\n<h3>1925: the Bandiera-Stato<\/h3>\n<p>Royal Decree 2072 of 24 September 1923 had already standardised the Kingdom’s flag proportions at 2:3 and confirmed the Savoy charge. The 1925 amendments introduced the Bandiera-Stato \u2014 a distinct version reserved for state buildings, decorated on the central band with the full royal coat of arms: Savoy cross, crown, mantle, and the lictor’s fasces (the bundle of rods that gave Fascism its name and visual signature). After 25 July 1943, with Mussolini’s fall from power, the fasces were ordered removed; the Allied-backed Brindisi government restored the pre-1925 Savoy version. The Italian Social Republic at Sal\u00f2 continued to fly a tricolore with the fasces, and additionally a war ensign with a black eagle clutching them.<\/p>\n<h3>2 June 1946: the referendum that fixed the colour question<\/h3>\n<p>The ballot offered Italians two choices \u2014 <em>Repubblica<\/em> or <em>Monarchia<\/em> \u2014 with the republican option illustrated by the allegorical figure of Italia turrita (Italy crowned with a mural tower) and the monarchical option by the Savoy arms. The Republic won with 54.3% of valid votes (12,718,641 against 10,718,502 for the monarchy), with marked regional divergence: the North voted Republic by clear majority, the South kept the monarchy. The flag question was settled simultaneously and almost as an afterthought: with no king, no Savoy arms; with no arms, the bare tricolore. Legislative Decree no. 1 of 19 June 1946, signed by acting head of state Enrico De Nicola, removed the charge.<\/p>\n<h3>1947: Article 12 of the Constitution<\/h3>\n<p>The Constituent Assembly debated the flag clause on 24 March 1947 with notable brevity \u2014 there was no serious alternative on the table. The adopted text is one of the shortest articles in the entire Constitution: twenty-two words in Italian. Its placement in the “Fundamental Principles” section, alongside Article 1 (“Italy is a democratic Republic, founded on labour”) and Article 11 (repudiation of war), gives the flag the same constitutional weight as the form of government, the national language, and the relationship with the Church. The Italian Constitution thus enshrines a national flag at a structurally higher level than the French Constitution of 1958, where the tricolore appears in Article 2 alongside the language and the anthem, or the German Grundgesetz (Federal Republic of Germany’s 1949 constitution), where the federal colours are set in Article 22.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/flags.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/costituzione-originale-repubblica-italiana-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"The closing page of the original signed Italian Constitution, dated Rome 27 December 1947, with the seal of the Republic and the signatures of Enrico De Nicola (head of state), Umberto Terracini (President of the Constituent Assembly), Alcide De Gasperi (Prime Minister), and Guardasigilli Giuseppe Grassi.\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><figcaption>The closing page of the original Italian Constitution, signed in Rome on 27 December 1947 by Enrico De Nicola, Umberto Terracini, Alcide De Gasperi and Guardasigilli Giuseppe Grassi. \u00b7 Photo: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Costituzione_originale_della_Repubblica_Italiana.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Luccaro<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>DPR 121 of 7 April 2000<\/h3>\n<p>DPR 121 \u2014 short for <em>Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica<\/em>, a presidential implementing regulation \u2014 runs to nine articles and an annex. It establishes that the flag must be displayed continuously on the buildings hosting the Presidency, the chambers of Parliament, the Constitutional Court, the Council of Ministers, and the highest organs of the magistracy. On other public buildings, display is mandatory on a closed list of civic days: 7 January (Tricolour Day), 11 February (Lateran Pacts), 25 April (Liberation), 1 May (Workers), 2 June (Republic), 4 November (Armed Forces), and during elections. The flag of the European Union must fly to the left of the Italian flag from the observer’s viewpoint, at equal height, with the tricolore in the position of honour. The construction sheet annexed specifies the 2:3 ratio for outdoor flags, 1:1 for table flags, and the Pantone references.<\/p>\n<h3>Frecce Tricolori: the flag in flight<\/h3>\n<p>The Pattuglia Acrobatica Nazionale \u2014 the Italian Air Force’s national aerobatic squadron, based at Rivolto in Friuli \u2014 has since 1961 trailed green, white and red smoke over Italian civic ceremonies. Ten Aermacchi MB-339 jets (in service since 1982; the team itself dates to 1961 and previously flew the F-86 Sabre and G.91) produce a horizontal tricolour in formation visible from the ground. The 2 June flyover of the Roman Forum is the team’s highest-profile annual appearance, but the same formation regularly travels to international air shows, where it functions as a flying ambassador of the flag itself. Few national flags have an associated aerobatic team of comparable visibility; the closest analogues \u2014 Spain’s Patrulla \u00c1guila, the French Patrouille de France, the British Red Arrows \u2014 all post-date or were modelled on the Frecce.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/flags.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/frecce-tricolori-rivista-2-giugno-2018-vittoriano.jpg\" alt=\"The nine Aermacchi MB-339 jets of the Frecce Tricolori in arrowhead formation, trailing distinct green, white and red smoke directly over the bronze quadriga atop the Vittoriano monument in Rome, during the 2 June 2018 Republic Day flyover.\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" \/><figcaption>The Frecce Tricolori in nine-jet arrowhead formation passing over the bronze quadriga of the Vittoriano, 2 June 2018 \u2014 green, white and red smoke laid down in the same proportions as the flag itself. \u00b7 Photo: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Rivista_del_2_giugno_(41831365084).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dipartimento della Protezione Civile<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 2.0<\/a> via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Balcony display: the unwritten tradition<\/h3>\n<p>The civic ritual most familiar to ordinary Italians is the hanging of the tricolore from balconies on 2 June and 25 April \u2014 a practice not codified by DPR 121 but encouraged by successive presidential addresses, particularly during the pandemic of 2020-21 when the gesture took on additional weight. Households are expected to attach the flag with the green band closest to the wall (so green appears on the left when viewed from outside), to use a flag in good condition, and to remove it at sunset unless illuminated. None of these conventions has the force of law for private displays; they survive as oral tradition reinforced by school civics curricula and ministerial guidance. For households shopping the official institutional cloth \u2014 woven to the DPR 121 ratio and Pantone references \u2014 Italian manufacturers continue to supply the domestic market with <a href=\"https:\/\/italianabandiere.com\/italy-flag\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flags made to the standard size and proportions<\/a>, distinct from souvenir or sporting versions.<\/p>\n<h2>Common ground and divergences with other republican tricolores<\/h2>\n<p>The Italian flag belongs to a recognisable European family: the vertical tricolour with one cool colour, white in the middle, and one warm colour, born of the French Revolutionary precedent. France formalised the vertical bleu-blanc-rouge on 15 February 1794 by decree of the National Convention. Italy’s 1797 adoption is older than France’s law but the chromatic concept is unmistakably French in inspiration. The same template recurs in Romania (1834, finalised vertical in 1848), Hungary (horizontal, 1848), Belgium (vertical, 1831), Ireland (1848, constitutionally enshrined 1937), and Mexico (1821).<\/p>\n<p>The divergences are instructive. Italy’s green is the family’s distinguishing element, often attributed to Lombard Civic Guard uniforms. Ireland’s orange-white-green inverts the warm-cool placement to encode the Catholic-Protestant settlement. Hungary’s horizontal red-white-green is graphically the closest to the Italian flag with the bands rotated \u2014 a continual source of misidentification at international sporting events. The Italian variant is therefore both a member of the family and a member with a precise, immediately recognisable accent.<\/p>\n<h2>Practical takeaways<\/h2>\n<p>For European readers attending or organising a 2 June event, the DPR 121 protocol is straightforward in the essentials:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Order with the EU flag:<\/strong> Italian tricolore on the right from the observer’s viewpoint (position of honour), EU flag on the left, both at equal height. A third regional or municipal flag goes to the left of the EU flag, never between the two.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Orientation:<\/strong> green band closest to the flagpole or wall; red band furthest out. For horizontal display from a balcony, green to the left when viewed from outside.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Indoor:<\/strong> 1:1 table flags, mounted to the right of the speaker from the audience’s perspective.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mourning:<\/strong> half-staff display is authorised only by presidential or prime ministerial decree.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sunset rule:<\/strong> outdoor flags must be lowered at sunset unless illuminated; standard for government buildings and the conventional standard for private balconies.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Condition:<\/strong> a torn, faded or visibly degraded flag should be replaced; customary disposal practice is respectful burning, mirroring conventions adopted in Italian Boy Scout and military manuals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Reference table<\/h2>\n<div class=\"italy-tricolore-history-table-scroll\">\n<table class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes italy-tricolore-history-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Year<\/th>\n<th>Event<\/th>\n<th>Flag change<\/th>\n<th>Source<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Year\">1796<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Event\">Bologna Civic Guard pennants<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Flag change\">Green-white-red cockades and unit colours, claimed precursors of the tricolore<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Source\">Quirinale, official tricolore history<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Year\">1797<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Event\">Cispadane Congress, Reggio Emilia (7 January)<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Flag change\">First official adoption \u2014 horizontal red-white-green with central emblem (4 arrows in laurel)<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Source\">Cispadane Republic records; Busico 2005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Year\">1848<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Event\">Royal proclamation of Charles Albert (23 March)<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Flag change\">Tricolore adopted by Kingdom of Sardinia, vertical bands, Savoy shield added<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Source\">Carta Albertina supplementary decrees<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Year\">1861<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Event\">Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy (17 March)<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Flag change\">Sardinian tricolore extended to unified Kingdom; Savoy shield retained<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Source\">Royal Decree of unification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Year\">1925<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Event\">Fascist state heraldic regulations<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Flag change\">Bandiera-Stato with Savoy arms, crown, mantle and lictor’s fasces<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Source\">Royal Decree 2072\/1923 + 1925 amendments<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Year\">1943<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Event\">Fall of Mussolini, dual flags (25 July)<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Flag change\">Pre-fascist Savoy tricolore restored in Kingdom of the South; lictor variant retained by Sal\u00f2<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Source\">Allied Control Commission records<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Year\">1946<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Event\">Institutional referendum (2 June)<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Flag change\">Savoy arms removed by Legislative Decree 1\/1946 (19 June); plain tricolore restored<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Source\">DLLT 1\/1946; Gazzetta Ufficiale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Year\">1947<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Event\">Constitution of the Italian Republic (Article 12)<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Flag change\">Constitutional codification: green, white, red, vertical, equal bands<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Source\">Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Year\">2000<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Event\">DPR 121 of 7 April<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Flag change\">Comprehensive display regulation; Pantone shades; EU precedence rules<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Source\">DPR 121\/2000; Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 112 of 16 May 2000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Year\">2001<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Event\">Restoration of 2 June as fixed holiday<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Flag change\">No flag change; civic ritual reinstated under President Ciampi<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Source\">Law 336\/2000; Presidential addresses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Sources and further reading<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Festa della Repubblica<\/strong> \u2014 overview and parade history <strong>(2026)<\/strong> \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Festa_della_Repubblica\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">en.wikipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Flag of Italy<\/strong> \u2014 comprehensive history, design specifications, Pantone references <strong>(2026)<\/strong> \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flag_of_Italy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">en.wikipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Constitution of Italy, Article 12<\/strong> \u2014 text of the constitutional flag clause <strong>(1947)<\/strong> \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Italy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">en.wikipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>DPR 121 of 7 April 2000<\/strong> \u2014 Regolamento sull’uso della bandiera della Repubblica italiana e di quella dell’Unione europea <strong>(2000)<\/strong> \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gazzettaufficiale.it\/eli\/id\/2000\/05\/16\/000G0168\/sg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gazzettaufficiale.it<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Cispadane Republic<\/strong> \u2014 first official adoption, 7 January 1797 <strong>(1797)<\/strong> \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cispadane_Republic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">en.wikipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Wanted in Rome<\/strong> \u2014 Festa della Repubblica context for the 2 June public holiday <strong>(2026)<\/strong> \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wantedinrome.com\/news\/italy-festa-della-repubblica-public-holiday-2-june.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wantedinrome.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Idealista Italy<\/strong> \u2014 Republic Day 2026 explained <strong>(2026)<\/strong> \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.idealista.it\/en\/news\/lifestyle-in-italy\/2026\/05\/20\/235714-italy-s-republic-day-2025-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">idealista.it<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Quirinale<\/strong> \u2014 I simboli della Repubblica: il tricolore <strong>(ongoing)<\/strong> \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quirinale.it\/page\/tricolore\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">quirinale.it<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Busico, Augusta<\/strong> \u2014 Il tricolore: il simbolo, la storia, Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri <strong>(2005)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Maiorino, Tarquinio; Marchetti Tricamo, Giuseppe; Zagami, Andrea<\/strong> \u2014 Il tricolore degli italiani, Mondadori <strong>(2002)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<style>\n.italy-tricolore-history-table-scroll { overflow-x: auto; margin: 1.5em 0; }\n.italy-tricolore-history-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; }\n.italy-tricolore-history-table th, .italy-tricolore-history-table td { padding: 0.6em 0.8em; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; }\n.italy-tricolore-history-table th { background-color: #008C45; color: #fff; font-weight: 600; }\n.wp-block-table.is-style-stripes.italy-tricolore-history-table tbody tr:nth-child(odd) td { background-color: #f4f4f4 !important; }\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n .italy-tricolore-history-table thead { display: none; }\n .italy-tricolore-history-table, .italy-tricolore-history-table tbody, .italy-tricolore-history-table tr, .italy-tricolore-history-table td { display: block; width: 100%; }\n .italy-tricolore-history-table tr { margin-bottom: 1em; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; border-radius: 6px; padding: 0.6em; background: #fff; }\n .italy-tricolore-history-table td { border-bottom: 1px dashed #efefef; padding: 0.4em 0; }\n .italy-tricolore-history-table td:last-child { border-bottom: none; }\n .italy-tricolore-history-table td:before { content: attr(data-label); display: block; font-weight: 600; color: #555; font-size: 0.85em; margin-bottom: 0.2em; }\n}\n<\/style>\n<hr>\n<p><em>Note on sources: this article draws on primary legal texts (Article 12 of the Italian Constitution, DPR 121\/2000, the Albertine and republican legislative decrees) and on the official tricolore history maintained by the Quirinale. Some elements of contemporary balcony-display practice \u2014 the sunset rule, the orientation conventions, the disposal procedure \u2014 are not codified in DPR 121 and survive as customary practice reinforced by school civics curricula and ministerial guidance rather than as black-letter law. Readers with primary documentation on these informal conventions, particularly from regional or municipal protocols, are warmly invited to write in with corrections.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 2 June 2026, Italy turns the page on the eightieth year since the institutional referendum that abolished the monarchy and inaugurated the Republic. The Frecce Tricolori \u2014 the Italian Air Force’s aerobatic team \u2014 will trail green, white and red smoke over the Altare della Patria, the white-marble monument to Italy’s unification that anchors … <a title=\"Festa della Repubblica at Eighty: How the Tricolore Became Civic Furniture\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/festa-della-repubblica-at-eighty-tricolore-civic-furniture\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Festa della Repubblica at Eighty: How the Tricolore Became Civic Furniture\">Read more<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":751,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"country":[11],"region":[49,50,58],"flag_type":[59],"design_family":[],"color_family":[],"class_list":["post-729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historical","country-italy","region-europe","region-european-union","region-mediterranean","flag_type-national-flag"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/729","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=729"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/729\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":754,"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/729\/revisions\/754"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/751"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=729"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=729"},{"taxonomy":"region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/region?post=729"},{"taxonomy":"flag_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flag_type?post=729"},{"taxonomy":"design_family","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/design_family?post=729"},{"taxonomy":"color_family","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/color_family?post=729"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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