{"id":735,"date":"2026-05-31T04:22:38","date_gmt":"2026-05-31T04:22:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flags.page\/en\/about\/methodology\/"},"modified":"2026-05-31T04:22:38","modified_gmt":"2026-05-31T04:22:38","slug":"methodology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flags.page\/de\/about\/methodology\/","title":{"rendered":"Methodology"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\" style=\"font-style:italic;color:#444;border-left:4px solid #003399;padding-left:1em;margin-bottom:2em;\">flags.page is built on a knowledge infrastructure designed to make every factual claim traceable to a primary source. This page explains how.<\/p>\n<h2>Why this page exists<\/h2>\n<p>Most flag-content on the open web is recycled from a small handful of secondary sources, with citation styles ranging from &#8220;trust me&#8221; to &#8220;Wikipedia says&#8221;. When the underlying sources are wrong, the error propagates indefinitely. We&#8217;re trying to do the opposite: hold ourselves accountable to primary sources, log every claim against a verification record, and publish only what we can defend.<\/p>\n<p>flags.page is an English-language reference site on vexillology (the study of flags). It is owned and operated by an independent editorial team that includes both human editors and AI-assisted research and drafting. We believe AI-augmented editorial work is a legitimate way to produce high-quality reference content \u2014 <em>provided<\/em> the editorial chain is transparent and the fact-checking is rigorous. This page describes that chain.<\/p>\n<h2>The four-layer architecture<\/h2>\n<p>Behind every flags.page article is a four-layer knowledge stack that determines what gets written and how it is verified.<\/p>\n<h3>1. The entity graph<\/h3>\n<p>flags.page maintains structured records for every flag, vexillological term, and regulatory document we cover. As of writing, that is approximately 246 national and supranational flags, 80 glossary terms, and 20 regulatory documents \u2014 and growing. Each entity has its own page (see <a href=\"\/de\/flag\/italy\/\">\/flag\/italy\/<\/a> for an example), with structured fields covering identity, design, history, official protocol, and machine-readable specifications (Pantone, hex, FIAV codes, aspect ratio, design family, color family). These are the nodes of our knowledge graph.<\/p>\n<h3>2. The claim ledger<\/h3>\n<p>Every substantive factual statement we publish \u2014 a date, a statute name, a numerical fact, an attribution, a direct quote \u2014 is extracted into a structured database alongside its source URL and verification status. Each claim is classified as one of:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Verified<\/strong> \u2014 the cited source explicitly supports the claim.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Questionable<\/strong> \u2014 the source says something similar but not identical; the claim relies on a loose interpretation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Contradicted<\/strong> \u2014 the source says something different from what the article asserts; a correction is needed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Unverifiable<\/strong> \u2014 the claim cannot be confirmed from accessible primary sources.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Killed<\/strong> \u2014 the claim was retracted from publication after fact-check.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When you read a flags.page article, the editorial team has, in principle, verified every load-bearing factual statement against this ledger. When you read it on a flag&#8217;s entity page, you see a &#8220;Articles citing this entity&#8221; box that shows how many claims we have logged for that flag, and how many corrections we have caught and incorporated.<\/p>\n<h3>3. The source registry<\/h3>\n<p>Not all sources are equal. We classify each source we cite into one of these reliability classes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Primary-authoritative<\/strong> \u2014 official governmental, intergovernmental, or institutional sources. Examples: the Council of Europe official site, national gazettes, the Constitution of a state, statutes from a parliament&#8217;s own publication.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Primary-recount<\/strong> \u2014 primary sources where the underlying data is correct but secondary writers (including AI agents) frequently miscount or misinterpret. Wikipedia&#8217;s tabular lists fall into this category: the table itself is accurate, but the headline number is rarely cited correctly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Secondary-reliable<\/strong> \u2014 established journalistic and scholarly sources with editorial oversight (national newspapers, vexillological journals, recognized aggregators).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Secondary-cross-check<\/strong> \u2014 sources where we have observed errors and which therefore require independent corroboration before we cite them in a load-bearing way.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Secondary-stale<\/strong> \u2014 sources that were accurate at publication but where the underlying data has since changed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aggregator-cautious<\/strong> \u2014 link-roundup or commercial sites where claims need to be re-verified against primary material.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Unreliable \/ do not use<\/strong> \u2014 sources that have been observed to be broken, fabricated, or systematically inaccurate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The source registry is consulted before we cite. A claim sourced exclusively to a &#8220;secondary-cross-check&#8221; entry is, by policy, downgraded to &#8220;questionable&#8221; unless a primary-authoritative source can be added.<\/p>\n<h3>4. The audit trail<\/h3>\n<p>Every editorial action \u2014 proposing a topic, drafting an article, fact-checking it, publishing it \u2014 leaves a record. Every AI-assisted drafting run is logged with the prompt that produced it, the model version, the sources retrieved, and the resulting output. This makes it possible, weeks or years later, to answer the question: &#8220;where did this specific sentence come from, and what was the verification state at the time of publication?&#8221;<\/p>\n<h2>The editorial process, in seven steps<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Topic surfacing.<\/strong> Each morning, an AI curator scans monitored vexillological sources (NAVA, the Flag Institute, Flags of the World, the r\/vexillology weekly top, brand-identity press) and surfaces 8\u201310 candidate stories with notes on geographic balance, evergreen weight, and editorial value. The human editor selects from these.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coverage check.<\/strong> Before drafting, the proposed topic is checked semantically against the existing corpus: are we already covering this? Topics that overlap more than 85% with an existing article are rejected. Topics with 70\u201385% overlap are framed as references to the existing piece rather than new pillars.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Drafting.<\/strong> An AI drafting agent produces a 1,800\u20132,500-word piece following a strict editorial playbook (structure, density of facts, no click-bait, transparent sourcing). The draft is created in the WordPress drafts area, never auto-published.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adversarial fact-check.<\/strong> A separate AI agent reads the finished draft hostile-mode, identifies the 10\u201315 most substantial verifiable claims, and verifies each against primary sources via direct web retrieval. Findings are logged into the claim ledger with the verification status assigned.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Human editorial review.<\/strong> A human editor reviews the draft alongside the fact-check report, applies corrections, sources hero images from Creative Commons material (always vetted manually for license), and decides whether to publish.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Visual verification.<\/strong> Before publication, the rendered article is reviewed on the live frontend to confirm typography, table responsiveness, source link integrity, and shortcode rendering match the playbook.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Post-publication monitoring.<\/strong> A weekly drift checker re-fetches all sourced URLs and flags any that have changed, expired, or moved. Articles whose foundational sources have drifted are reviewed and updated.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>What we know we get wrong<\/h2>\n<p>We publish corrections openly. Every article logs the claims that were initially mis-stated by the drafting agent and corrected during fact-check. Each entity page surfaces the number of corrections logged for that entity. We treat this as a feature, not an embarrassment: it shows the system is working as designed.<\/p>\n<p>We also maintain a public error-pattern ledger that documents the recurring failure modes our drafting process exhibits \u2014 frequently fabricated court-case citations, miscounted statistical tables, conflated statute clauses, absolutist phrasing where exceptions exist \u2014 alongside the countermeasures we have applied. Each new article passes through these countermeasures before reaching human review.<\/p>\n<h2>Limits of this approach<\/h2>\n<p>We cannot guarantee accuracy. AI drafting agents hallucinate. Sources change. Human reviewers miss things. What we can do is make the chain of decisions auditable and the verification status visible. If you find a factual error in a flags.page article, write to <a href=\"mailto:matteo@kezers.com\">matteo@kezers.com<\/a> with the article URL, the specific claim, and the primary source that contradicts it. We will update the claim ledger, correct the article, and credit the correction at the foot of the piece.<\/p>\n<p>We also do not yet do every check that a SOTA newsroom would. We do not yet automatically embed-on-publish, our drift checker runs only weekly, and we have not yet built a style-consistency layer that compares each new draft to a published-corpus voice baseline. These are on our roadmap.<\/p>\n<h2>Authorship and AI disclosure<\/h2>\n<p>The byline on most flags.page articles is <em>Luca Sereno<\/em>, who is the editorial pseudonym for our AI-assisted research and drafting pipeline. Articles signed by Luca Sereno have been: (a) drafted by an AI agent using the process described above; (b) fact-checked by a separate AI agent in adversarial mode; (c) reviewed and edited by a human editor before publication. Articles bylined to a different name are written primarily by a named human author.<\/p>\n<p>We are transparent about this because we believe AI-augmented editorial work is a legitimate practice, but only when it is disclosed. If you would rather not read AI-assisted content, we invite you to find another source.<\/p>\n<h2>Contact and corrections<\/h2>\n<p>Editorial contact: <a href=\"mailto:matteo@kezers.com\">matteo@kezers.com<\/a>.<br \/>\nSource corrections: include the article URL, the specific claim, and a primary-authoritative source that contradicts it.<br \/>\nThis page is itself a living document and will be updated as the methodology evolves. Last revised: 30 May 2026.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>flags.page is built on a knowledge infrastructure designed to make every factual claim traceable to a primary source. This page explains how. Why this page exists Most flag-content on the open web is recycled from a small handful of secondary sources, with citation styles ranging from &#8220;trust me&#8221; to &#8220;Wikipedia says&#8221;. When the underlying sources &#8230; <a title=\"Methodology\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/flags.page\/de\/about\/methodology\/\" aria-label=\"Mehr Informationen \u00fcber Methodology\">Weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":21,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-735","page","type-page","status-publish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/735","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=735"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/735\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flags.page\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=735"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}